# Links between categories

Pairs are written once. The direction runs from the finding that needs the other, or whose papers are later, to the finding that supplies its basis, data or caution. The seven parts are [Solid state stability](../solid-state-stability/index.md), [ASD process](../asd-process/asd-process/index.md), [Characterization methods](../characterization-methods/index.md), [Dissolution](../dissolution/index.md), [Bioperformance](../bioperformance/bioperformance/index.md), [Mesoporous silica](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/index.md) and [Peptide permeability](../peptide-permeability/peptide-permeability/index.md). For Solid state stability, Characterization methods and Dissolution the link goes to the category finding, and to a chapter finding only where no category finding covers the point. Relations: builds on, explains, extends, same mechanism, conditions differ, contradicts. Citation keys are in [sources.md](sources.md). Reasoning that goes beyond the cited findings is marked `(synthesis)`.

| from | to | relation | why |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Bioperformance F1](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f1) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | builds on | The onset used as the working ceiling equalled the amorphous solubility predicted from melting enthalpy and water sorption for felodipine (6.01 against 5.99 µg/mL at 25 °C) [raina2014a R16], the agreement found for 17 of 24 rows of solvent-shift solutions [ilevbare2013a R8; almeidaesousa2015 R5, R11; mosqueragiraldo2015 R13]. |
| [Bioperformance F2](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f2) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | same mechanism | The flux plateau of felodipine, nifedipine and clotrimazole [raina2014a R11, R12, R14; indulkar2016 R9] is the membrane read-out of the level at which the dissolved drug and flux of telaprevir, ritonavir, lopinavir and paclitaxel stopped rising [mosqueragiraldo2015 R10, R12; trasi2015a R2, R1]. |
| [Bioperformance F3](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f3) | [Dissolution F2](../dissolution/findings.md#f2) | same mechanism | At c/c* of about 4.1–4.5 felodipine flux was 0.052 in buffer, 0.085 in FaSSIF and 0.138 µg/min with TPGS [raina2015c R12], as in SDS the concentration ratio of atazanavir understated its activity ratio [indulkar2017a R11, R13]. |
| [Bioperformance F4](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f4) | [Dissolution F12](../dissolution/findings.md#f12) | same mechanism | Solubilizers moved the felodipine LLPS onset from 10.4 to 177.3 and 214.6 µg/mL at the same maximum flux [raina2015c R11], as micellar dihydroxy bile salts doubled both solubilities of telaprevir at unchanged activity boundaries [lu2017b R1, R2]. |
| [Bioperformance F5](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f5) | [Dissolution F5](../dissolution/findings.md#f5) | conditions differ | Under a sink, droplets held the clotrimazole flux at its peak for up to at least 13 h [indulkar2016 R5, R6, R7]; in a closed vessel crossing the enzalutamide amorphous solubility cut the induction time with HPMCAS from about 129 to 43 min [wilson2021 R3]. |
| [Bioperformance F6](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f6) | [Dissolution F3](../dissolution/findings.md#f3) | same mechanism | The free concentration of ritonavir and atazanavir fell linearly with mole fraction in two-drug dispersions [alhalaweh2016 R12, R13, E7, R17], as lopinavir, paclitaxel or felodipine lowered the ritonavir onset to about 14, 10 and 12 µg/mL [trasi2015a R7, R9, R11]. |
| [Bioperformance F7](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f7) | [Dissolution F3](../dissolution/findings.md#f3) | same mechanism | The drug-rich pellet of the cellulose acetate suberate system held a polymer fraction of 0.90 against 0.21–0.27 [mosqueragiraldo2018b R13, R14]; dissolved HPMC and PVP-VA lowered the amorphous solubility of ibuprofen from 177.1 to 96.9 and 90.7 µg/mL [ueda2020b R1]. |
| [Bioperformance F19](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f19) | [Dissolution F3](../dissolution/findings.md#f3) | same mechanism | HPMCAS-HF lowered the amorphous solubility of atazanavir from 81.5 to 35.5 µg/mL [ueda2020a R1], the grade effect of the polymer-in-the-drug-rich-phase mechanism shown with dissolved HPMC and PVP-VA [ueda2020b R1]. |
| [Bioperformance F20](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f20) | [Dissolution F3](../dissolution/findings.md#f3) | extends | A crystalline co-drug, darunavir hydrate, lowered the atazanavir ceiling and flux [alkalla2026 R9, R11], where the category had shown the effect for amorphous or dissolved second drugs [trasi2015a R7, R9, R11]. |
| [Bioperformance F8](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f8) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | same mechanism | Only the three 10% atazanavir dispersions exceeded the amorphous solubility [hate2018 R11]; the release chapter places such a switch at the limit of congruency, ritonavir–PVPVA releasing ≈97% at 25% and ≈29% at 30% [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]. |
| [Bioperformance F9](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f9) | [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | The 50% telaprevir–HPMCAS particles showed birefringent domains at 20 min while HPMCAS left ahead of the drug [mosqueragiraldo2018b R16, R18, R19]; wetted nifedipine and celecoxib crystallized with or without polymer in the medium [raina2014b C11, R2; xie2015 R9, R10]. |
| [Bioperformance F9](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f9) | [Dissolution F6](../dissolution/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | 5% SDS in the telaprevir dispersion sped release but the concentration fell later at a higher dose [mosqueragiraldo2018b R16, R17], as SDS raised the ledipasvir limit of congruency [que2019 R7, R8, R9, C12] and brought crystals to ritonavir compacts [yang2023 R21, R13, R2, R16, R17]. |
| [Bioperformance F10](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f10) | [Crystallization tendency F18](../solid-state-stability/crystallization-tendency/findings.md#f18) | builds on | Nifedipine crystallized below the LLPS onset that felodipine passed [raina2014a R1, R5, C30, C31], the solution test of the melt classes, which carried over only partly [raina2014a R20, C31; raina2015b C13, C28]. |
| [Bioperformance F11](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f11) | [Dissolution F12](../dissolution/findings.md#f12) | conditions differ | For ezetimibe PVP was best in buffer and HPMC-AS in FeSSIF [elkhabaz2017 R6, R7]; for atazanavir FaSSIF-V1 gave the shortest and human fluid the longest induction time [elkhabaz2021 R6, R7]. |
| [Bioperformance F12](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f12) | [Characterization methods F5](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f5) | extends | SHG found the first ezetimibe crystals in turbid buffer, FeSSIF and Ensure Plus as the concentration fell [elkhabaz2017 R9, R13, R14, R18, R22], after SHG had dated crystallization of spray-dried powders weeks before XRPD [correasoto2017 R1, R8]. |
| [Bioperformance F15](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f15) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | conditions differ | In the hollow-fibre module atazanavir transfer kept rising above the amorphous solubility at a lower slope (5.51 to 1.29) [hate2018 R9, E3, E4], where side-by-side flux stopped rising [mosqueragiraldo2015 R10, R12; trasi2015a R2, R1]. |
| [Bioperformance F16](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f16) | [Solid state stability F11](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f11) | builds on | The generic that crystallized to 88% in 3 weeks of open storage [trasi2017 R12, R18, R19] was the capsule whose crystallinity compendial tests barely registered and 100 mL tests separated [purohit2018 R5, R7]. |
| [Bioperformance F18](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f18) | [Dissolution F2](../dissolution/findings.md#f2) | same mechanism | The flux-based maximum supersaturation of atazanavir stayed at about 50–56 in six media while the concentration ratio fell [elkhabaz2019b R8, R9], the activity argument of [indulkar2017a R11, R13]. |
| [Bioperformance F22](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f22) | [Dissolution F5](../dissolution/findings.md#f5) | extends | With a sink receiver PAMPA mass flow kept rising with droplet number from about 5.0 to 8.8 µg/min [hate2022 R19]; with crystals present a posaconazole dispersion held its amorphous solubility only while droplets remained [elkhabaz2019a R6, R12, C47, C48]. |
| [Bioperformance F23](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f23) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | builds on | The enzalutamide dispersions that reached the amorphous solubility beat crystals in rats (p < 0.05) [wilson2018 R18, R6, C47], the ceiling that dispersions and marketed capsules reach but do not exceed [trasi2016 R10, R4, R15, R14]. |
| [Bioperformance F24](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f24) | [Dissolution F9](../dissolution/findings.md#f9) | extends | The best of 24 enzalutamide solution inhibitors gave a dispersion like crystals in rats [wilson2020 R1, C32, R6]; a solution screen ranked dispersion dissolution only in order [jackson2015 R5, X8; xie2015 C48]. |
| [Bioperformance F26](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f26) | [Dissolution F11](../dissolution/findings.md#f11) | extends | Pretomanid particles held crystalline drug below FeSSIF pH 5.8 and the dispersion lost exposure with food [nguyen2023a R19, R1, R20]; in acid undissolved enteric dispersions of posaconazole and delamanid crystallized [elkhabaz2019a R10, R1, R16, R20; nguyen2023c R19, R20]. |
| [Bioperformance F26](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f26) | [Dissolution F10](../dissolution/findings.md#f10) | same mechanism | The HPMCAS-HF tablet released only to the crystalline solubility at pH 5.5 and below [nguyen2023a R19, R1, R20]; HPMCAS-HF released only about 22–31 µg/mL of posaconazole at pH 6.5 [shah2025 R3, R4, R5]. |
| [Bioperformance F27](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f27) | [Crystallization tendency F17](../solid-state-stability/crystallization-tendency/findings.md#f17) | builds on | Pretomanid and delamanid were placed in class I with reduced Tg 0.67 and 0.64 [nguyen2023a C59], the neat-drug class used as a first risk flag [baird2010 C46; vaneerdenbrugh2010b C1]. |
| [Bioperformance F27](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f27) | [Dissolution F6](../dissolution/findings.md#f6) | conditions differ | TPGS lifted pretomanid release in vitro but not exposure in monkeys [nguyen2023a R12, R14, R8, R23]; built-in surfactants raised the limits of congruency of felodipine, clopidogrel and atazanavir [saboo2021 R12; correasoto2022a R17, R18; correasoto2022b R2, R4]. |
| [Bioperformance F28](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f28) | [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | Only at 40 mL did the 20% crystalline tacrolimus capsule lose dissolved drug during the test [hate2019 R10, R11], as seeds left HPMCAS-held paclitaxel at 7.9–25.3 µg/mL [que2018 R3, R13, R14]. |
| [Bioperformance F30](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f30) | [ASD process F26](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f26) | conditions differ | A capsule that crystallized in storage gave about four times the exposure of reference crystals in dogs [purohit2019 R9], while in vitro residual crystals cost more than bulk seeds of larger mass [moseson2020a R9, R10]; the origin of the crystals changes the result in both (synthesis). |
| [Mesoporous silica F3](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f3) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | conditions differ | Adsorption onto SBA-15 rose steeply as ritonavir approached its amorphous solubility, keeping the solution below it [dening2019 R2, R1], whereas dissolving amorphous films and dispersions reached it [indulkar2015 R18, F6; ilevbare2013a R17, R8, R13]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F4](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f4) | [Dissolution F2](../dissolution/findings.md#f2) | same mechanism | On an activity scale the silica isotherms of indomethacin and its methyl ester nearly coincide [mccarthy2020 R12, C24], as only the activity scale compares atazanavir supersaturation across SDS levels [indulkar2017a R11, R13]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F6](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f6) | [Dissolution F10](../dissolution/findings.md#f10) | same mechanism | Weak bases still charged at the test pH bound the negatively charged silica electrostatically [hate2020b R3, R4, R5, C28], as lipophilic weak bases ionized at the gel pH took 70–96% of HPMCAS out of solution [bapat2024 R12; kaur2025 R5, R13, R14]; both are attraction of a cationic drug to an anionic surface or polymer (synthesis). |
| [Mesoporous silica F7](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f7) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | conditions differ | Silica stopped at about a third to a half of the dose with the residue amorphous [dening2018 R6, R19; mccarthy2020 R20, R21, R23], whereas six marketed tacrolimus capsules reached the amorphous solubility [trasi2016 R10, R4, R15, R14]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F8](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f8) | [Bioperformance F2](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f2) | builds on | Mass flow from ritonavir–SBA-15 reached that of amorphous ritonavir only at the tenfold dose [dening2018 R8], measured with the diffusion-cell method of the flux plateau [raina2014a R11, R12, R14]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F8](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f8) | [Dissolution F2](../dissolution/findings.md#f2) | same mechanism | Dissolution sampling from silica gave lower free-drug percentages than flux [dening2018 R24, C22, C36], as in situ UV and filtration misread dispersions against flux [alonzo2011 R1, R14, R15; jackson2015 R2, R9]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F11](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f11) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | conditions differ | Silica loading above the calculated monolayer lowered ritonavir mass flow [dening2018 R27, R4]; in polymer dispersions the threshold is the limit of congruency [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F12](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f12) | [Bioperformance F3](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f3) | conditions differ | Vit E TPGS raised ritonavir release from silica by competing for silanols [dening2019 R17, R18, C55], whereas in polymer-free solutions solubilizers above their CMC lowered felodipine flux [raina2015c R4, R7]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F12](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f12) | [Dissolution F6](../dissolution/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | Both Vit E TPGS release media crystallized between 30 and 45 min [dening2019 C34], as TPGS and Tween 80 below their CMC sped ritonavir growth [ilevbare2012a R17, R1.g, M17]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F13](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f13) | [Dissolution F11](../dissolution/findings.md#f11) | conditions differ | After a shift to pH 6.8 charged bases re-adsorbed onto silica and lost about 30 points [hate2020b R10, R11, R13], while pazopanib from a salt formed non-crystalline colloids that held the intestinal amorphous solubility [sugihara2018 R8, R11, R12, R15, R20]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F14](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f14) | [Bioperformance F14](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f14) | same mechanism | An absorptive sink nearly doubled atazanavir release from silica [hate2020a R20], as it raised total release of 50% atazanavir dispersions [hate2018 R18]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F14](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f14) | [Bioperformance F13](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f13) | builds on | The atazanavir silica runs used the hollow-fibre module [hate2020a R20, C49], which moved nevirapine about 28 times faster than a side-by-side cell [hate2017 R3]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F15](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f15) | [Bioperformance F5](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f5) | conditions differ | Silica stays below the ceiling and forms no reservoir, giving about half the flux of an HPMC dispersion [hate2020a R24, R25, C37; dening2018 C43]; droplets of a dispersion held clotrimazole flux at its maximum [indulkar2016 R5, R6, R7]. |
| [Mesoporous silica F15](../mesoporous-silica/mesoporous-silica/findings.md#f15) | [Bioperformance F8](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f8) | builds on | The comparison dispersion was the 10% HPMC dispersion of atazanavir [hate2020a R24, R25], the loading at which only the cellulosic dispersions exceeded the amorphous solubility [hate2018 R11]. |
| [Peptide permeability F2](../peptide-permeability/peptide-permeability/findings.md#f2) | [Bioperformance F3](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f3) | conditions differ | Excess C10 or SNAC raised the medium to pH 7.6–9.2, where insulin is 140–240 times more soluble [fagan2025 R5, R1, R2]; for small molecules solubilizers that raise solubility lowered the flux at a fixed concentration [raina2015c R4, R7]; whether the extra peptide is free was not measured (synthesis). |
| [Peptide permeability F3](../peptide-permeability/peptide-permeability/findings.md#f3) | [Bioperformance F11](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f11) | conditions differ | A minitablet that is mostly enhancer released insulin alike in six media [fagan2025 R12, R13, R20], whereas for ezetimibe the medium decided which polymer held the drug [elkhabaz2017 R6, R7]. |
| [Peptide permeability F4](../peptide-permeability/peptide-permeability/findings.md#f4) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | builds on | Octreotide, SNAC and copovidone released at one normalized rate from the dispersion [bapat2025b R2.f–h, R5], the congruent release below the limit at which drug and polymer leave together [saboo2019 R5, R6, R8]. |
| [Peptide permeability F5](../peptide-permeability/peptide-permeability/findings.md#f5) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | extends | Cyclosporine followed copovidone at 1.6% loading but not from 5% [bapat2025b R10, C21, R11.i], a far lower boundary than the 25% limit of ritonavir–PVPVA [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]. |
| [ASD process F41](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f41) | [Characterization methods F5](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f5) | builds on | SHG measured 0.3% crystals in a posaconazole extrudate [shah2024 R10], the detector that the methods category ranks most sensitive [kestur2012 R7, R6, R8; correasoto2017 R1, R8]. |
| [ASD process F41](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f41) | [Dissolution F11](../dissolution/findings.md#f11) | builds on | Posaconazole extrudates were dissolved after a gastric stage at about 10 times the amorphous solubility [shah2024 R12, R14], the pH-shift design in which posaconazole–HPMCAS crystallized in acid [elkhabaz2019a R10, R1, R16, R20]. |
| [ASD process F10](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f10) | [Characterization methods F4](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | TEM found crystals below 100 nm in an X-ray-amorphous extrudate with one Tg [moseson2018a R5, R6, R9], the blind spot of a dark SHG image and of XRPD [wanapun2010 R13; kestur2012 R17, C34]. |
| [ASD process F10](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f10) | [Characterization methods F5](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f5) | same mechanism | In four bicalutamide extrudates DSC, XRPD, SEM, PLM and TEM found crystals in different subsets [moseson2021 R6, R17, R21], the method ladder whose limits span about three orders [kestur2012 R7, R6, R8; correasoto2017 R1, R8]. |
| [ASD process F7](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f7) | [Characterization methods F6](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | EDX, pyrene and XPS ranked phases but gave no compositions, pyrene departing from XPS by up to about 20 points [li2017 X6; mugheirbi2017 X7; li2020 R9, X8]; signals became amounts only where the standard matched the sample [taylor1998a R8, R9; kestur2012 R10]. |
| [ASD process F25](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f25) | [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | Dissolved PVPVA prevented indomethacin nucleation for more than 12 h but slowed seeded growth only 18–56-fold [moseson2020a R3, R4, R5], as HPMC slowed felodipine nucleation about 1,400-fold and growth 1.6-fold [alonzo2012 R5, R16, R17]. |
| [ASD process F26](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f26) | [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | Indomethacin extrudates with 0–25% crystals lost concentration from about 43.1 to 28.8 µg/mL [moseson2020a R6]; residual crystals left delamanid release incomplete once any could be detected [duong2022a R14, R15, C56]. |
| [ASD process F27](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f27) | [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | HPMCAS in the medium delayed crystallization of the hydrating bicalutamide solid by only about 10 min [moseson2021 R5, R19, R20], as wetted nifedipine and celecoxib crystallized with or without a dissolved polymer [raina2014b C11, R2; xie2015 R9, R10]. |
| [ASD process F27](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f27) | [Dissolution F8](../dissolution/findings.md#f8) | same mechanism | The proposed trigger of bicalutamide matrix crystallization is a hydrated drug-rich solid with a Tg below 37 °C [moseson2021 K1, K7, X8, X11]; hydrated felodipine above its Tg crystallized faster than it dissolved [alonzo2010 R2, C33, C34]. |
| [ASD process F38](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f38) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | builds on | Bicalutamide–PVPVA released drug and polymer together at 5–10% and the polymer first from 20% [moseson2022b R6, R7], the switch measured for ritonavir–PVPVA [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]. |
| [ASD process F21](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f21) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | builds on | Water in the spray solvent lowered ritonavir–PVPVA release only at 25% loading, where release is congruent [li2020 R10, C37], the limit set in the release chapter [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]. |
| [ASD process F23](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f23) | [Dissolution F3](../dissolution/findings.md#f3) | same mechanism | Ritonavir from the co-granule stayed near 4 µg/mL [trasi2019 R4, M1, M2], the mutual lowering that dissolving ritonavir–lopinavir films followed within 0.5 µg/mL [trasi2015b R5, E1]. |
| [ASD process F23](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f23) | [Bioperformance F6](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | The co-granule deficit [trasi2019 R4, M1, M2] matches the halving of each drug at 1:1 in two-drug PVP dispersions [alhalaweh2016 R10, X8]. |
| [ASD process F14](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f14) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | conditions differ | Lopinavir–HPMC films with discrete drug-rich domains released faster than miscible films at 33–85% loading [li2019 R2]; in dissolving ritonavir compacts discrete droplets left with the polymer and a continuous drug-rich layer stayed [yang2022a R6, R10, R11, R12, R13]. |
| [ASD process F16](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f16) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | conditions differ | Phase-separated lopinavir films shed particles of several origins, read as a "glue and particle" release [li2019 C47, C50, C53]; in dissolving ritonavir compacts discrete drug-rich droplets formed in the gel and left with the polymer below the limit [yang2022a R6, R10, R11, R12, R13]. |
| [ASD process F17](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f17) | [Solid state stability F6](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | The PVP carbonyl Raman band shifted in the amorphous probucol dispersions [broman2001 R5], the acceptor that PVP offers to donor drugs in the complementary-group rule [kestur2010a R6]. |
| [ASD process F6](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f6) | [Solid state stability F8](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f8) | same mechanism | Humid storage turned miscible evacetrapib–PVPVA films into a drug-rich network [li2017 R19, R22, C28], as sorbed water split pimozide–PVP into two Tg [rumondor2009c R17]. |
| [ASD process F1](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f1) | [Solid state stability F8](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f8) | extends | Humid air during film formation split miscible films into drug-rich domains [li2017 R3, R5; mugheirbi2017 R1, R3, R10], the domains that film methods found in itraconazole–HPMC under one DSC Tg [purohit2015a R1, R7]. |
| [ASD process F8](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f8) | [Solid state stability F3](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f3) | builds on | Melting point depression gave χ = −1.97 for indomethacin–PVPVA and set the extrusion floor [moseson2018 R5, R4], using the route whose estimates agree with other routes in sign but not in size [marsac2006b R4, R9]. |
| [ASD process F9](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f9) | [Solid state stability F11](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f11) | extends | Extrusion below the critical temperature always left crystals [moseson2018 R10.k–o], a further case of the route deciding the result, as slow drying left 22 of 31 class III spin-coat combinations crystalline [vaneerdenbrugh2010a R12, R13]. |
| [ASD process F22](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f22) | [Solid state stability F1](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f1) | builds on | Solvent granulation was judged suited to slowly crystallizing drugs [trasi2019 C50, C33], the order of the neat-drug classes [baird2010 R23, R25]. |
| [ASD process F31](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f31) | [Solid state stability F1](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f1) | conditions differ | Neat class III posaconazole and bicalutamide nucleated within 1 h between Tg and Tm [moseson2020 R7], whereas class III glasses below Tg crystallized only at the edges after 3 months [baird2010 R23, R25]. |
| [ASD process F43](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f43) | [Solid state stability F11](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f11) | builds on | Atomic layer coatings delayed crystallization of stored powders from 1–3 weeks to 3–24 weeks or longer [moseson2022a R11; duong2022c R16, R17], against the free-surface growth that ran about 6 times faster than the bulk [kestur2013a R8, R9]. |
| [ASD process F44](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f44) | [Solid state stability F12](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f12) | same mechanism | Coated powders that held at one humidity failed at a higher one [moseson2022a R11, X16], as 0–52% RH could not tell PVP from HPMCAS where 75% RH could [rumondor2009b R19, R9]. |
| [ASD process F29](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f29) | [Bioperformance F28](../bioperformance/bioperformance/findings.md#f28) | same mechanism | The authors name seeds, inhibitor and volume as the risk factors of residual crystals and cite the tacrolimus work [moseson2020a R6, C28; purohit2019 C54], where the smallest volume showed seed-driven loss [hate2019 R10, R11]. |
| [ASD process F40](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f40) | [Dissolution F6](../dissolution/findings.md#f6) | same mechanism | SDS and TPGS raised bicalutamide release, ritonavir–PVPVA–SDS compacts crystallized at the surface within 15 min [moseson2022b R9, R11, R13; indulkar2022 R15, C38], as 10 parts SDS left ritonavir release near 70% with needle crystals [yang2023 R21, R13, R2, R16, R17]. |
| [ASD process F34](../asd-process/asd-process/findings.md#f34) | [Solid state stability F9](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f9) | conditions differ | PVP protected ritonavir against degradation in the extruder [alvarenga2022 R10, R22, C25], while in humid felodipine storage PVP lost to HPMCAS [konno2008 R1, R3]; the polymer ranking depends on the stage (synthesis). |
| [Dissolution F4](../dissolution/findings.md#f4) | [Solid state stability F4](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f4) | same mechanism | In solution HPMC slowed felodipine nucleation far more than growth [alonzo2012 R5, R16, R17], as 3% polymer lowered dry nucleation alike while melt growth ranked the polymers [konno2006 R4, C13, C14; kestur2010a R6]. |
| [Dissolution F6](../dissolution/findings.md#f6) | [Solid state stability F5](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f5) | same mechanism | TPGS and Tween 80 sped ritonavir growth in solution [ilevbare2012a R17, R1.g, M17], as 10% TPGS sped celecoxib growth about 85-fold in the supercooled liquid [mosqueragiraldo2014 R1, C9]. |
| [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | [Solid state stability F7](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f7) | conditions differ | The release limit of ritonavir–PVPVA lies between 25 and 30% [indulkar2019a R11, C2, C31]; the storage limit of indomethacin dispersions lay at about 50% with HPMC and 30% with HPMCAS [tian2016 R17]; the two thresholds are measured on different states (synthesis). |
| [Dissolution F9](../dissolution/findings.md#f9) | [Solid state stability F9](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f9) | extends | PVP and PVPVA released felodipine fastest at low loading but inhibited poorly [saboo2020a R15, R14, C55; konno2008a R7], and in humid storage PVP lost its advantage for felodipine [konno2008 R1, R3]. |
| [Characterization methods F2](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f2) | [Dissolution F7](../dissolution/findings.md#f7) | same mechanism | The 10% ritonavir dispersion reached the amorphous solubility and the 50% one did not [tres2018 R6, R9; purohit2017b C30, C33, C34, C37], as below the limit ritonavir passed the amorphous solubility within 5–10 min and formed droplets [indulkar2019a R9, R20]. |
| [Characterization methods F1](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f1) | [Solid state stability F8](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f8) | builds on | Pyrene in itraconazole–HPMC powders read the value of the drug [purohit2015b R6; purohit2017a R7], the drug-rich domains found by film methods under one Tg [purohit2015a R1, R7]. |
| [Characterization methods F4](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f4) | [Solid state stability F8](../solid-state-stability/findings.md#f8) | same mechanism | Itraconazole–HPMC with one Tg of 87 °C showed drug-rich domains by confocal imaging [purohit2017a R3, R7, R16, R17], as indomethacin dispersions gave one Tg at every loading above their miscibility limits [tian2016 R13, R2.f, R3.c, R4.h]. |
| [Characterization methods F6](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f6) | [Dissolution F2](../dissolution/findings.md#f2) | same mechanism | A UV probe read 300 nm felodipine particles as dissolved drug [vaneerdenbrugh2011b R6.a, M1], the overread of in situ UV for dissolving dispersions [alonzo2011 R1, R14, R15]. |
| [Characterization methods F5](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f5) | [Dissolution F1](../dissolution/findings.md#f1) | same mechanism | Extinction, probe and thermodynamic onsets agreed within 1.0–1.7-fold [raina2015a R11, X9], the onset that lay at 0.91–1.15 times the calculated amorphous solubility [ilevbare2013a R8; almeidaesousa2015 R5, R11]. |
| [Characterization methods F3](../characterization-methods/findings.md#f3) | [Dissolution F5](../dissolution/findings.md#f5) | same mechanism | The probe signal swung back as the drug-rich phase of nifedipine and lopinavir crystallized [raina2015a R16; tres2018 R20, R21], as the drug-rich phase gave crystals within minutes for danazol and telaprevir [jackson2014 R13, R17.a–c]. |

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