# Evidence: seeded crystal growth

Parent: crystal growth · class: kinetics · names merged here: seeded crystal growth

3 papers measured or used it, 0 only mentioned it (of 207 kept papers). Papers in year order; each section heading ends with the paper's category / subcategory. Generated by tools/build_evidence.py from registry/concepts.csv and the cards; do not edit.

## 2016 Schram — Polymer Inhibition of Crystal Growth by Surface Poisoning · Dissolution / D. Crystallization from solution

[2016-schram-polymer-inhibition-crystal-growth-surface-poisoning](../../../cards/2016-schram-polymer-inhibition-crystal-growth-surface-poisoning/paper.html) · Dissolution / D. Crystallization from solution · measured · as: seeded crystal growth

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | record, measured | effectiveness ratio Eg = R0/RP (mean, error bar = SD, n = 3; values read from Fig. 3) — seeds from methods (i)-(iv); growth at initial S = 4 in pH 6.8 buffer, 3000 rpm, 1 h (P6); HPMCAS 5 µg/mL in growth solution or none — sub-table below; text: Eg "ranges from about 2 to 12" (p.14); Eg of (iv) with HPMCAS "is 12" (p.23); method (i) without HPMCAS is the reference R0 (Eg = 1, not plotted); Figs. 4, 6, 8 and 11 replot rows a-g with the same heights within reading | Fig. 3, p.13; text p.14, p.23; Figs. 4, 6, 8, 11, p.15, p.20, p.24, p.29 |
| R8 | record, measured | surface topography, AFM 3D height maps 5 x 5 µm, in liquid, room temperature — (a) method (i) surface; (b) method (iii) surface; growth medium at imaging not stated (Fig. 7) — (a) large, flat macroscopic features with long straight edges, height scale 0-450 nm; (b) much smaller, rough, spike-like features, height scale 0-250 nm | Fig. 7, p.21; text p.21-22 |
| R10 | record, measured | surface topography, AFM 3D height images 1 x 1 µm — (a) method (iii) surface; (b) method (iv) surface; in liquid, room temperature; growth medium at imaging not stated (Fig. 9) — (a) stepped, terraced crystallites, height scale 0-70 nm; (b) much smaller, small rounded features over the whole image, height scale 0-20 nm | Fig. 9, p.25; text p.25 |
| C39 | claim, recommendation, authors: "should be considered"; abstract: "should be carefully considered" | Seeds prepared in different environments differ in their ability to grow, so seed origin should be considered when evaluating polymers as growth inhibitors and when evaluating desupersaturation risk from amorphous formulations containing residual crystals; abstract: crystallization conditions and seed treatment should be carefully considered; the insights can be used to control crystallization and improve delivery [rests on: R2] | p.1, p.32 |

## 2022 Duong — Combining enabling formulation strategies to generate supersaturated solutions of delamanid: In situ salt formation during amorphous solid dispersion fabrication for more robust release profiles · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution

[2022-duong-delamanid-in-situ-salt-asd-release](../../../cards/2022-duong-delamanid-in-situ-salt-asd-release/paper.html) · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution · used · as: seeded crystal growth

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C19 | claim, mechanism, authors: "Presumably" | Higher-DL ASDs with residual crystallinity performed poorly; presumably the DLM crystals grew in the hydrated matrix or in solution, reducing the achievable supersaturation [rests on: R8, R14; cited: refs 38, 39] | p.136 |
| C55 | claim, prior hypothesis, authors: asserted; "for some drugs" | Residual crystals remove the solubility advantage and, for some drugs, seed further crystal growth during matrix hydration and release [rests on: cited: refs 38, 39] | p.141 |
| C56 | claim, mechanism, authors: "can be explained" | For DLM, once any residual crystallinity was detected, release was incomplete; this is explained by growth of crystals formed during manufacture competing with dissolution of the surrounding amorphous material [rests on: R8, R14; cited: ref 39] | p.141 |
| C57 | claim, mechanism, authors: "indicates" | The low release indicates that the polymers cannot substantially delay crystal growth under hydrated conditions, which makes residual crystallinity extremely detrimental [rests on: R14] | p.141 |

## 2023 Nguyen — Impact of Gastric pH Variations on the Release of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulations Containing a Weakly Basic Drug and Enteric Polymers · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution

[2023-nguyen-gastric-ph-variations-delamanid-enteric-polymer-asd](../../../cards/2023-nguyen-gastric-ph-variations-delamanid-enteric-polymer-asd/paper.html) · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution · used · as: seeded crystal growth

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C44 | claim, mechanism, authors: "can act as seeds" | Crystals formed by matrix crystallization are less soluble and can seed further crystal growth when released at higher pH, where the polymer dissolves [rests on: cited: ref 72] | p.1691-1692 |
| C49 | claim, mechanism, authors: "indicates"; "it is likely"; "there appear to be" | Incomplete release (only 20-65%) from ASDs with surface crystals after pH 3.0 or 5.0 shows further rapid crystallization after the pH increase: as the polymer dissolves, amorphous drug near the crystal seeds crystallizes, competing with drug release [rests on: R11, R19, R21] | p.1692 |
| C50 | claim, mechanism, authors: "indicating"; "likely limited"; "is consistent with" | Once the drug entered solution its concentration stayed constant, so growth of the crystal seeds in the bulk solution was likely limited by the dissolved polymer, consistent with polymer adsorption blocking growth by step pinning [rests on: R23, R22; cited: refs 24, 75, 76] | p.1692 |