# Evidence: intrinsic dissolution rate

Parent: — · class: transport and absorption · names merged here: intrinsic dissolution rate

5 papers measured or used it, 0 only mentioned it (of 207 kept papers). Papers in year order; each section heading ends with the paper's category / subcategory. Generated by tools/build_evidence.py from registry/concepts.csv and the cards; do not edit.

## 2018 Bhardwaj — Surface area normalized dissolution to study differences in itraconazole-copovidone solid dispersions prepared by spray-drying and hot melt extrusion · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC

[2018-bhardwaj-surface-area-normalized-dissolution-itraconazole-pvpva-asd](../../../cards/2018-bhardwaj-surface-area-normalized-dissolution-itraconazole-pvpva-asd/paper.html) · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC · measured · as: intrinsic dissolution rate

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R4 | record, measured | surface-area-normalized dissolution rate of ITZ (IDR for pure ITZ), µg/min/sq cm, slope over 0-20 min; SD for n = 3; R² of the slope — compacts (P6) in 0.1 N HCl, 37 °C, 300 rpm (P7) — sub-table below | Table 2, p.11 |
| R5 | record, derived (E2) | ratio of the ITZ release rate of melt-quenched to crystalline ITZ, 0-20 min — R4.a-b — text: approximately 18 times faster; abstract: an 18 fold dissolution advantage | abstract pdf p.4; p.10, p.26 |
| R9 | record, measured | intrinsic dissolution rate of PVPVA as received — PVPVA-Raw compact (P6, P7), rate over the first 4.5 min — text: 10.4 mg/min/cm²; Fig. 14 bar ≈10,460 µg/min/sq cm (error bar ≈9,830-11,080); the plotted PVPVA-Raw line reaches 25 mg/sq cm at ≈3.0 min (Fig. 6) and 20 mg/sq cm at ≈2.6 min (Fig. 8) (read from the figures) | p.12; Figs. 6, 8, 14 |
| P7 | method | surface-area-normalized (intrinsic) dissolution with UV | p.6-7, p.11-12 |

## 2020 Saboo — Patterns of drug release as a function of drug loading from amorphous solid dispersions: A comparison of five different polymers. · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC

[2020-saboo-asd-drug-loading-polymer-hydrophobicity-release](../../../cards/2020-saboo-asd-drug-loading-polymer-hydrophobicity-release/paper.html) · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC · measured · as: intrinsic dissolution rate

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R13 | record, derived (E3) | intrinsic dissolution rate of neat polymers and amorphous felodipine (mg/min/cm², n = 3) — compacts of each neat material, P6 — sub-table below; Fig. 7A prints the ratio of each polymer rate to the felodipine rate on the bars; Fig. 15 replots the polymer rates | Fig. 7A-F, p.9; Fig. 15, p.14 |
| E3 | equation | surface-normalized dissolution rate: A = (k × V)/(S × N) | p.7 |
| C15 | claim, conclusion, authors: asserted | PVP and PVPVA dissolve fastest of the neat polymers and EUDS more than an order of magnitude more slowly; polymer dissolution rates do not follow the hydrophobicity ranking; all polymers dissolve much faster than amorphous drug [rests on: R13] | p.7 |

## 2022 Qi — Improved dissolution of an enteric polymer and its amorphous solid dispersions by polymer salt formation · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC

[2022-qi-enteric-polymer-salt-hp50-miconazole-asd-dissolution](../../../cards/2022-qi-enteric-polymer-salt-hp50-miconazole-asd-dissolution/paper.html) · Dissolution / A. Release mechanism and LoC · measured · as: intrinsic dissolution rate

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R10 | record, derived (P10) | normalized dissolution rate (mg·min⁻¹·cm⁻²), mean with SD bar, n = 3 — neat compacts, 50 mM phosphate, pH 6.8, 37 °C — sub-table below. Text: the amine salts showed nearly complete dissolution after 80 min (profiles not shown in the main text) | Fig. 6, p.6; text p.4 |
| R12 | record, derived (P10) | normalized dissolution rate (mg·min⁻¹·cm⁻²) at two buffer capacities, mean with SD bar, n = 3 — HP-50-Na and HP-50 compacts in 50 mM (M16) and 5 mM (M17) phosphate — sub-table below. Text: HP-50-Na rate the same in both media; HP-50 6-fold lower in 5 mM than in 50 mM phosphate | Fig. 8, p.6; text p.6, p.8 |
| R13 | record, derived (P10) | normalized HP-50 release rate (mg·min⁻¹·cm⁻²) versus mol% BIS-TRIS, mean with SD bar, n = 3 — partially neutralized PBTM salts (M8); 0% = HP-50 in sodium phosphate buffer — sub-table below. Text: almost 2-fold decrease from 100 to 80% ionization | Fig. 9, p.7; text p.6, p.8 |
| R15 | record, derived (P10) | normalized drug release rate (mg·min⁻¹·cm⁻²), mean with SD bar, n = 3 — 20% DL miconazole ASDs, 50 mM phosphate, pH 6.8 — HP-50 ≈0.22 (SD bar within ≈0.01); PTEA ≈2.70 (SD bar to ≈3.00); HP-50-Na ≈3.15 (SD bar to ≈3.17) (read from Fig. 11). Text: drug release from the HP-50-Na ASD 14 times faster than from the HP-50 ASD | Fig. 11, p.7; text p.7 |
| P10 | method | surface-area-normalized dissolution (rotating disk) | p.3 |

## 2025 Bapat — Modification of Peptide and Permeation Enhancer In Vitro Release Rates by Dispersion with a Gel-Forming Polymer · Peptide permeability / Peptide permeability

[2025-bapat-peptide-permeation-enhancer-pvpva-synchronous-release](../../../cards/2025-bapat-peptide-permeation-enhancer-pvpva-synchronous-release/paper.html) · Peptide permeability / Peptide permeability · measured · as: intrinsic dissolution rate

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | record, derived (E1) | normalized release rate of each component (mg min⁻¹ cm⁻², mean, error bar = SD, n = 3) — neat components and OCA dispersions (P4), pH 6.8, 37 °C — sub-table below; text: PVPVA release rate approximately doubled and SNAC normalized release rate approximately fourfold in the 50:50 SNAC:PVPVA dispersion relative to neat (p.1008) | Figs. 2b, 2d, 2f, 3b, 3d, p.1008-1009; text p.1007-1010 |
| E1 | equation | surface-area normalized release rate (intrinsic dissolution rate normalized to component weight fraction): R = (k × V) / (S × x) | p.1006 |
| C2 | claim, conclusion, authors: abstract: asserted; discussion: "approximately" | The intrinsic dissolution rates of OCA and SNAC differ by a factor of two; OCA dissolves approximately two times as fast as SNAC [rests on: R2] | p.1003, p.1014 |
| C12 | claim, conclusion, authors: asserted | Neat OCA has a higher IDR than neat PVPVA; neat SNAC released quite fast but with a lower IDR than the peptide or the polymer [rests on: R2] | p.1007 |

## 2025 Benson — Dissolution of copovidone-based amorphous solid dispersions: Influence of atomic layer coating, hydration kinetics, and formulation · ASD process / ASD process

[2025-benson-alc-coated-rtv-pvpva-asd-hydration-release](../../../cards/2025-benson-alc-coated-rtv-pvpva-asd-hydration-release/paper.html) · ASD process / ASD process · used · as: intrinsic dissolution rate

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R24 | record, cited (ref 22) | intrinsic dissolution rate of amorphous RTV versus 20% DL RTV/PVPVA — as cited — amorphous RTV significantly slower than the 20% DL ASD | text p.331 |
| C35 | claim, mechanism, authors: asserted | The stranded drug-rich regions are amorphous and can dissolve up to the amorphous solubility, but amorphous RTV dissolves far more slowly than the 20% DL ASD, so supersaturation builds more slowly; in acid, where RTV is more soluble and dissolves faster, coated and uncoated compacts release alike [rests on: R24, R12, M1] | p.330-331 |