# Evidence: dilution effect

Parent: — · class: thermodynamics · names merged here: chemical potential reduction by dilution; diluent effect; dilution effect

3 papers measured or used it, 1 only mentioned it (of 207 kept papers). Papers in year order; each section heading ends with the paper's category / subcategory. Generated by tools/build_evidence.py from registry/concepts.csv and the cards; do not edit.

## 2006 Konno — Influence of Different Polymers on the Crystallization Tendency of Molecularly Dispersed Amorphous Felodipine · Solid state stability / Physical stability

[2006-konno-felodipine-polymer-crystallization-nucleation-solid-dispersions](../../../cards/2006-konno-felodipine-polymer-crystallization-nucleation-solid-dispersions/paper.html) · Solid state stability / Physical stability · used · as: diluent effect

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C36 | claim, mechanism, authors: "can potentially" | The polymer can raise ΔGa (drug diffusion across the interface) as a diluent, through specific interactions with the drug, or by accumulating at the nucleus-amorphous matrix interface [rests on: argument only; cited: refs 39, 44] | p.2703 |
| C37 | claim, conclusion, authors: asserted ("clearly not the case") | A pure diluent effect would scale directly with polymer volume fraction; this is clearly not so, because 3% polymer has a large effect on the nucleation rate (the text cites Figure 9) [rests on: R4; cited: refs 39, 44] | p.2703 |

## 2012 Trasi — Effect of Additives on Crystal Growth and Nucleation of Amorphous Flutamide · Solid state stability / Physical stability

[2012-trasi-flutamide-additives-growth-nucleation](../../../cards/2012-trasi-flutamide-additives-growth-nucleation/paper.html) · Solid state stability / Physical stability · used · as: dilution effect

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C32 | claim, assumption, authors: asserted | Because the drug:repeat-unit molar ratio is the same for all polymers, any dilution effect is the same [rests on: P1] | p.3227 |
| C42 | claim, mechanism, authors: "can be explained"; "This supposition"; abstract: "mostly" | Nilutamide's effect on growth can be explained by dilution plus a higher Tg: corrected for both, its growth curve overlaps pure flutamide, consistent with IR showing no hydrogen bonds between the two drugs more favourable than within each (abstract: nilutamide influenced growth "mostly by increasing the blend glass transition temperature") [rests on: R22, R7.h, R20] | p.3221, p.3228 |

## 2017 Xie — Effect of Temperature and Moisture on the Physical Stability of Binary and Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Celecoxib · Solid state stability / Physical stability

[2017-xie-temperature-moisture-celecoxib-binary-ternary-asd-stability](../../../cards/2017-xie-temperature-moisture-celecoxib-binary-ternary-asd-stability/paper.html) · Solid state stability / Physical stability · used · as: dilution effect

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C13 | claim, mechanism, authors: "it appears"; "presumably" | At a given drug loading a larger fraction of CEX is hydrogen bonded with PVP-K29/32 than with PVP/VA, presumably from dilution of the vinylpyrrolidone units by vinyl acetate [rests on: R3, R4; cited: ref 35] | p.3 |
| C37 | claim, mechanism, authors: "may be because" | Growth is faster with PVP/VA than with PVP perhaps because PVP carries more vinylpyrrolidone carbonyl groups at the same polymer loading, allowing more drug-polymer interactions [rests on: R21; cited: ref 35] | p.7 |

## Mentioned only

- 2015 Sato — [2015-sato-cellulose-polymer-chiral-crystallization-inhibition-enantiomers](../../../cards/2015-sato-cellulose-polymer-chiral-crystallization-inhibition-enantiomers/paper.html) · Solid state stability / Physical stability (ref C2)