# Evidence: chirality

Parent: — · class: solid-state property · names merged here: chirality

3 papers measured or used it, 0 only mentioned it (of 207 kept papers). Papers in year order; each section heading ends with the paper's category / subcategory. Generated by tools/build_evidence.py from registry/concepts.csv and the cards; do not edit.

## 2017 Correasoto — Second harmonic generation microscopy as a tool for the early detection of crystallization in spray dried dispersions · Characterization methods / Solid-state methods

[2017-correa-soto-shg-early-crystallization-spray-dried-asds](../../../cards/2017-correa-soto-shg-early-crystallization-spray-dried-asds/paper.html) · Characterization methods / Solid-state methods · used · as: chirality

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| C7 | claim, prior hypothesis, authors: asserted; "typically" | SHG (light emitted at twice the incident energy) arises only from non-centrosymmetric materials; isotropic and centrosymmetric systems, including liquids, glasses and other amorphous materials, give negligible signal; chirality makes the crystalline forms of many APIs SHG active; SHG reports the presence or absence of certain crystal structures rather than molecular information and is useful when excipients that interfere with the SHG signal are absent [rests on: cited: refs 9, 18, 19, 21] | p.87 |
| C8 | claim, prior hypothesis, authors: asserted | FTM, although not chiral, crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group Pna2₁ (form I), and its metastable form II converts to form I as soon as it forms; fluorine in both APIs gives sensitive 19F ssNMR with low or no excipient background, which facilitates quantitation [rests on: cited: ref 22; M1, M2] | p.87 |

## 2024 Polyzois — Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formation for Enhanced Release Performance of Racemic and Enantiopure Praziquantel · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution

[2024-polyzois-praziquantel-racemic-enantiopure-asd-release](../../../cards/2024-polyzois-praziquantel-racemic-enantiopure-asd-release/paper.html) · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution · measured · as: chirality

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R4 | record, measured | nucleation induction time, R-PZQ compared with RS-PZQ — each drug at its own amorphous solubility in PBS pH 6.5 (R2.a, R2.c), polymer 300 µg/mL, 37 °C (P3); n = 2 for R-PZQ (mean ± SD) — sub-table below; RS-PZQ bars in Fig. 2b repeat R3.a, R3.g and R3.h | Section 3.3, p.5289; Fig. 2b, p.5288 |
| R12 | record, measured | release of SE R-PZQ ASDs at 30% DL with HPMCAS-MF and HPMC E5 LV, target 1.5 mg/mL (n = 3) — 50 mL PBS pH 6.5 (P4, P8) — text: maximum release 94% (HPMCAS-MF) and 77% (HPMC E5 LV); HPMC E5 LV release peaked at ∼25 min and later dropped to 62% (p.5291); the drop became apparent after 40 min (p.5292); sub-table gives the R-PZQ series (the RS-PZQ series repeat R9.b and R9.e) | Section 3.5.1, p.5290-5291; Section 4.2.4, p.5292; Fig. 4e, p.5290 |
| R13 | record, measured | release of SE R-PZQ compared with RS-PZQ ASDs with HPMCAS-MF at 30 and 40% DL, target 1.5 mg/mL (n = 3) — 50 mL PBS pH 6.5 (P4, P8) — text: release of R-PZQ higher than of RS-PZQ at 40% DL; similar profiles at 30% DL (p.5292); R-PZQ overall release did not decrease with DL while early release became slower at higher DL (p.5292); sub-table gives the R-PZQ 40% DL series (the other series repeat R12.a, R9.b and R9.c) | Section 3.5.1, p.5291; Sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.4, p.5292; Fig. 4f, p.5290 |
| C39 | claim, conclusion, authors: 40% DL: asserted ("Indeed, an enhanced release"); 30% DL: "Promising results"; abstract: asserted | HPMCAS-MF ASDs of R-PZQ released better than RS-PZQ ASDs at 40% DL and similarly at 30% DL; enhanced R-PZQ release was not seen with HPMC-based ASDs (abstract: R-PZQ released as effectively as RS-PZQ or better, depending on DL; conclusions: similarly well or better at 30 and 40% DL) [rests on: R13, R12, R9.b-c] | p.5285, p.5292, p.5293 |

## 2025 Junior — Release performance and crystallization of racemic and enantiopure praziquantel amorphous solid dispersion in various media · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution

[2025-alvarenga-praziquantel-racemic-enantiopure-asd-release-crystallization-media](../../../cards/2025-alvarenga-praziquantel-racemic-enantiopure-asd-release-crystallization-media/paper.html) · Dissolution / B. Supersaturation from ASD dissolution · measured · as: chirality

| id | kind | content | locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | record, measured (solubility columns); derived E1 (A/C columns) | amorphous and crystalline solubility of (R,S)-PZQ and (R)-PZQ; A/C — 37 °C; amorphous by P7, crystalline by P8; nine media — see R1 sub-table | Table 2, p. 1128 |
| R3 | record, derived (P14) | t-test of amorphous solubility, (R,S)-PZQ vs (R)-PZQ — 95% confidence level; the nine media of R1 — no statistically significant difference in any medium except PBS pH 6.5, where the difference is significant (values R1.f) | Section 4.1, p. 1133–1134 |
| R8 | record, measured | release and maximum concentration, single-stage PBS pH 6.5, 1.5 mg mL−1 — P9; Fig. 2C panel not printed (X1); text values only — see R8 sub-table | Section 3.2.1, p. 1129; Section 4.3, p. 1135 |
| C25 | claim, conclusion, authors: indicate | At 1.5 mg mL−1, (R)-PZQ-HPMC SE loses dissolved drug with time in all media, (R,S)-PZQ-HPMC SE only in fasted- and fed-state media, and (R)-PZQ-HPMC falls faster; the authors read this as indicating that (R)-PZQ crystallizes more readily from highly supersaturated solution than the racemate, in line with its shorter induction time reported earlier [rests on: R8, R9, R11, R14, R15, R18, R19; cited: ref 42 (R30)] | Section 4.2, p. 1134; Section 4.3, p. 1135 |
| C42 | claim, mechanism, authors: abstract: asserted ("was attributed"); discussion: is likely attributable | The better release of (R)-PZQ-HPMCAS than (R,S)-PZQ-HPMCAS in PBS pH 6.5 likely comes from the slightly higher amorphous solubility of (R)-PZQ there, supported by maximum concentrations of approximately 1.4 vs 1.1 mg mL−1 [rests on: R1.f, R3, R8] | Abstract, p. 1125; Section 4.3, p. 1135 |